European Scientific Institute, ESI.

 Journal

 Implementation Of Computer Application Software For Soil PH In The Determination Of Soil Nutrient Status.

 Adekayode, F.O. (2014).

 2014

The nutrient status of soils based on the soil pH was determined using the C Sharp (C#) computer program to develop an application software that revealed the relationship between the soil pH and the available essential elements in the soil. The databases were created using Microsoft Access as backend and Microsoft Visual Studio as the frontend. The database table listing parameters of Upper and Lower pH limits, Category of soil pH, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfur, Iron, Manganese, Zinc, Boron, Molybdenum, Copper and Cobalt was created in Microsoft Access and saved with .accdb file format. The Design and User Interfaces were created in Microsoft Visual Studio. When the pH was input in the space provided in the User Interface and the Load Information button clicked, the pH category and availability status of each of the essential elements were generated and displayed. The four options for the nutrient availability status were abundant, moderate, slightly and sparingly. Click once method of application publishing was used for program publishing and installation of the software on another computer. 

 African Journal Of Soil Science

 Journal

 Effects Of Land Use On Soil Nutrient Concentration And Fertility Using Geospatial Technology

 Adekayode, F.O.

 2014

The effects of land use on soil nutrient concentration and fertility were investigated in a research conducted in Akure (Latitude 7018’12”N and Longitude 508’4”E) in 2013 using the GIS interpolation technique. The land use types identified on the GeoEye-1 satellite image were maize, cassava, oil palm and forested areas consisting of bush regrowth and uncleared forest. The feature extraction technique in Arc GIS was used to group and delineate the land use types while soil samples at seven locations were taken from each land use and analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and organic matter. The spatial nutrient concentration across the land use types was generated using the GIS kriging technique of 3D Analyst/Raster Interpolation/Kriging Tools while the fertility map was generated using the overlay operations of 3D/Raster Math Tools in ArcMap. The fertility map generated indicated high fertility status in the uncleared forest and oil palm while the greater portion of bush regrowth was of medium fertility and the portion of each of maize and cassava was of low soil fertility. 

 Journal Of Sustainable Technology

 Journal

 Development Of Automated Crop And Soil Agronomic Information System

 ADEKAYODE, F.O. And AKOMOLAFE, D.T

 2011

The use of C# computer programme to develop automated agronomic information system was demonstrated using Microsoft Access 2007 and Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 suits. The database table listing such essential agronomic information as crop name, scientific name, crop category I, crop category II, planting date, crop spacing, crop population per hectare, maturation, yield, common diseases, common pests and soil requirement was created in Microsoft Access and saved with .accdb file format. The Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 was launched and a new project created with Windows Forms Application Templates and C# project type. The design and user interfaces were created after activating the Toolbox for the application of the Label, Text and Button controls. The double click on the Add button displayed the code page for coding the information while the debugging displayed the user interface. When the crop name was entered in the space provided in the user interface and the Load Information button clicked, the agronomic information on a particular crop already stored in the database was displayed while the Reset button cleared all the information for a reentry of another crop name. Click once method of application publishing was used for programme publishing and installation on another computer. 

 Journal Of Food, Agriculture And Environment: WFL Publishers

 Journal

 The Use Of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) In Estimating A Potential Fadama Land Area For Inland Farming: The Buffering Technique

 F.O. Adekayode , M.O. Ogunkoya

 2010

The buffering technique in the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was used to estimate the land area of a fadama for inland farming. The investigation was carried out in Akure (7°15´N, 5°15´E) in May 2008. The Ikonos satellite image of the five hundred hectare land area at 4 m resolution was georeferenced using ArcView 3.3 GIS software to make locations on the image align to positions on the earth’s surface. A submap of the image that contained a perennial stream was generated and the stream buffered at a distance of 100 m away from the stream on all sides. The buffered zone depicting the fadama land was polygonized and the total area computed as 34.19 hectares and locations for soil studies in the buffered zone identified on the map. The field work entailed locating on the ground with the use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver the points for soil studies already identified on the digital map. Soil samples were taken from the surface (0-30 cm) and subsoil (30-100 cm) for laboratory analysis of soil physical and chemical properties. ArcView statistical analysis was used to obtain the minimum, maximum and average values of soil properties. The soils were sandy loam on the surface (0-30 cm) and sandy clay loam in the subsoil (30-100 cm) with low gravel content both at the surface and subsoil. The pH indicated a slightly acidic to neutral soil with moderate organic matter, nitrogen and total exchangeable bases. The farming system adoptable in the fadama was the cultivation of swamp rice during the rainy period of June to September while leaf and fruit vegetables could be cultivated during the dry season of October to March. Buffering as a geospatial technology had been used to estimate the accurate size in hectares and also in a precision soil fertility investigation of the potential fadama farmland. 

  European Scientific Institute, ESI

 Journal

 Using Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission Imagery To Identify Inland Valley Areas And The Soil Suitability Studies For Vegetable Production In Akure South Local Government Area Nigeria.

 Adekayode, F.O.

 2009

The Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) imagery was used in 2012 to identify stream courses in Akure South Local Government Area (AKSLGA) where Akure (Latitute 7015‘N and Longitude 5015‘E) the capital of Ondo State Nigeria which had witnessed a tremendous urban sprawl in the last twenty years was located. The cultivation of vegetable in the inland valley areas was a way to improve the income and diet of the city dwellers. The polygonized boundary of AKSLGA which was superimposed on SRTM image was extracted out while the focal statistics, the contour lines at an interval of 10 m and the stream courses were generated using the Spatial Analyst Tools in ArcMap. The streams were each buffered at a distance of 100 m to generate the inland valley areas using the Analysis/ Proximity/ Buffer Tools. The soils were generally sandy loam while the average bulk densities and gravel content values were 1.53 g/cm3 and 9% respectively. The nutrient concentration showed mean values of 1.02 %, 11.2 ppm, 0.25 cmol/kg, 3.77 cmol/kg, 1.66 cmol/kg and 3.32 % for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and organic matter respectively which were suitable soil conditions for vegetable production. 

 International Journal Of Science And Advanced Technology (ISSN 2221-8386)

 Journal

 Reconnaissance Study Of Soil Chemical Properties Under Forest And Savanna In A Forest-Savanna Transition Zone Using Remotely Sensed Data.

 Adekayode, F.O.

 2009

The reconnaissance study of soil chemical properties under forest and savannah-vegetation in Owo Local Government Area (Latitude 5045’and 7025’ and Longitude 4020’ and 605’E) was carried out in 2013 using Enhanced Landsat ETM+ image. The bands of landsat image of 2007 on imagery Path 190 and Row 055 acquired from the Global Land Cover Facility website were layer stacked and the Owo Local Government boundary was subset using the Erdas Imagine software. The subset image was exported to ILWIS for supervised classification using the maximum likelihood algorithm. Image pixels were grouped into two classes of forest and savanna. Ten sample plots were randomly selected from each vegetation type with each sample plot measuring 20 m x 20 m. Soil samples were collected to a depth of 30 cm from five randomly located points in each sample plot for laboratory analysis of pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and organic matter. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and treatment means compared using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) at p = 0.05 probability level. The forest vegetation had higher pH compared to the savanna vegetation while significantly higher nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter were observed in the forest vegetation. The total area under forest and savanna were 31,400 and 55,877 hectares respectively. 

 African Journal Of Environmental Science And Technology

 Journal

 Creating A Soil Data Base In A Reconnaissance Soil Fertility Study Of An Encroached Forest Reserve In Northern Nigeria For A Reforestation Programme

 FO Adekayode, DT Akomolafe

 2009

The reconnaissance soil fertility study of 10,000 ha partly encroached forest reserve located between latitude 11°47’N and 11°56’N and longitude 4°22’E and 4°32’E in Northern Nigeria was conducted in 2009 to generate a soil fertility data base of the reserve. The tracking of the forest reserve boundary was done using a Garmin 72 model global positioning system (GPS) receiver. The geographic coordinates were input into the computer to generate a digital map of the forest reserve. The entire forest reserve was divided into grids to guide in the location for soil sampling using the GPS/Geographic Information System (GIS) geospatial technique. Soil auger studies were made at 250 locations to site 60 sampling pits to collect soil samples for laboratory analysis of soil properties. Forest soils were classified into three groups using soil depth as a limiting parameter in the soil fertility assessment. The soils were sandy clay loam and the pH indicated a moderate to strong acid status with low content of organic matter, percentage nitrogen, available phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. A reforestation programme with the planting of acacia for soil rehabilitation was recommended for the reserve as the tree stands would serve to protect the land against erosive activity of wind and also serve in enriching the soil with nitrogen. 

 International Scholars Journals

 Journal

 A Digital Soil Textural Class Determination From The Percentages Of Silt And Clay

 F. O. Adekayode And D.T. Akomolafe

 2009

The input of the percentages of silt and clay on the interface generated with the C Sharp (C#) computer programme gave an automated soil textural class determination. The programme incorporated in the coding, the percentage silt and clay values in order to classify the soil into one of the categories of the sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, sandy clay and clay textu ral classes. The Design Interface was created in Microsoft Visual Studio and the Toolbox activated for the application of the Label, Text and Button Tools. The parameters ‘Enter percent silt’ and ‘Enter percent clay’ were typed in the two Label boxes respe ctively while empty box spaces were created against each for the information of percent silt and percent clay to be filled by the user. The debugging of code page brought up the User Interface. When the percent silt and clay were entered in the spaces on the User Interface and the ‘Determine the Soil Texture’ button clicked, the soil textural class category was generated and displayed. The automated method gave an instant soil textural class without the use of the soil textural triangle. 

 African Journal Of Environmental Science And Technology. AJOL.

 Journal

 A Precision Nutrient Variability Study Of An Experimental Plot In Mukono Agricultural Research And Development Institute, Mukono, Uganda

 FO Adekayode, T Lutaaya, MO Ogunkoya, P Lusembo, PO Adekayode

 2009

The spatial soil fertility status of a 2.5 ha experimental plot was generated by mapping the soil nutrient concentration and fertility status using GIS kriging technique. The research was conducted in Mukono Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Mukono, Uganda in October 2013. Soil samples across the experimental plot were randomly taken for laboratory analysis of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and the organic matter content. The mean values of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and the organic matter content were 0.16%, 13.7 ppm, 0.44 cmol/kg, 5.35 cmol/kg, 4.83 cmol/kg and 2.78% respectively. The spatial concentration of each element and the organic matter was carried out by the interpolation technique using the 3D Analyst/Raster Interpolation/Kriging Tools while the overlay operations to generate the soil fertility map was carried out using the 3D Analyst/Raster Math Tools in ArcMap. The autocorrelation analysis was carried out using the Spatial Statistics/Spatial Autocorrelation Tools. The autocorrelation analysis indicated N, Ca, Mg and organic matter to be somewhat clustered each with the Moran’s 1 Index of 0.37, P was clustered with Moran’s 1 Index of 0.5 while potassium pattern was neither clustered nor dispersed. The spatial soil fertility pattern reflected the distribution of nutrient concentration. 

 Nigerian Journal Of Soil Science

 Journal

 Effect Of Tillage On Soil Properties And Yield Of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) In Southwest Nigeria

 T Agbede, S Ojeniyi, F Adekayode

 2007

Field experiments were carried out at two locations in late-season 2004, early-season 2005 and lateseason 2006 on an Alfisol of southwest Nigeria to assess the effect of five tillage methods on soil properties and yield of sorghum. The tillage treatments were zero tillage, manual clearing, ploughing, ploughing plus harrowing and ploughing plus harrowing twice. The surface soils (0-15 cm) were chemically analysed before and after second and third experiments and selected soil physical properties were determined. Zero tillage and manual clearing reduced soil temperature and conserved more soil water better than mechanized tillage systems. Soil pH, organic matter, N, P, K, Ca and Mg were significantly influenced (p=0.05) by tillage with zero tillage being the most effective treatment in conserving fertility of the surface soil (0-15 cm). Soil fertility, as indicated by soil pH, organic matter, N, P, K, Ca and Mg declined significantly (p=0.05) over time in all tillage systems, but this decline was more pronounced in the ploughing plus harrowing twice. Zero tillage followed by manual clearing resulted in higher grain yield of sorghum compared with mechanized tillage systems. Average over the years, zero tillage, manual clearing, ploughing and ploughing plus harrowing out-yielded ploughing plus harrowing twice by 33.7, 30.5, 18.9 and 17.9%, respectively in grain yield. Soil bulk density ranging from 1.28-1.58 Mg m-3 correlated positively with yield. Sorghum can be grown successfully on zero tillage and manually cleared Alfisol of the humid tropics.